TheGuardian-12-03
Keywords:Theageofextinction,Climatechange,Environment,Birds.
Theageofextinction
绝迹时代
Atlasrevealsbirdspushedfurthernorthamidclimatecrisis
地图集显示,在气候危机中,鸟类被迫向北迁徙
Datafrom,birdwatchersin48countriesshowsforestbirdshaveexpandedtheirrangewhileareaoccupiedbyfarmlandbirdshasshrunk
来自48个国家的12万名观鸟者的数据显示,森林鸟类的活动范围扩大了,而农田鸟类的活动范围缩小了
Europe’sbreedingbirdpopulationshaveshiftedonaverageonekilometrenortheveryyearforthepastthreedecades,likelydrivenbytheclimatecrisis,accordingtooneoftheworld’slargestcitizenscienceprojectsonbiodiversity.
根据世界上最大的关于生物多样性的公民科学项目之一,可能是受气候影响,在过去的三十年中,欧洲的鸟类繁殖种群每年平均向北移动一公里。
TheEuropeanBreedingBirdAtlas(Ebba2)providesthemostdetailedpictureyetofthedistributionofthecontinent’sbirdsafter,volunteersandfieldworkerssurveyed11msquarekilometres,fromtheAzoresinthewesttotheRussianUralsintheeast.
欧洲繁殖鸟图集(Ebba2)提供了迄今为止欧洲大陆鸟类分布最详细的图片,在此之前,12万志愿者和田野工作者对万平方公里的土地进行了调查,从西部的亚述尔群岛到东部的俄罗斯乌拉尔群岛。
ThebookdocumentschangesintherangeofEurope’snativebirdspeciesinthe30yearssincethefirstEbba,whichwaspublishedinbutwasbasedonobservationsfromthes.Itshowsthatsincethefirststudy,eachpopulationcanbefoundaround28kmfurthernorth.
该书记录了自年首次发表欧洲繁殖鸟图集(Ebba2)以来30年来欧洲种本土鸟类的变化范围,但以年代的观察为基础。它表明,自首次研究以来,可以在更北的28公里处找到每个人口。
Quickguide
Thefastest-shiftingspecies
MediterraneanspeciessuchastheEuropeanbee-eaterandlittleegretarenowreachingtheUK,FranceandtheNetherlands,mainlyduetomilderwinters.Eurasianbittern,piedavocetandredkiteshavealsoexpandedtheirrange,probablyinresponsetobetterprotectionofhabitatscoupledwithlawsbanningpersecution.
欧洲的食蜂鸟和小白鹭等地中海物种现在正到达英国,法国和荷兰,这主要是由于冬季较为温和。大麻鳽,反嘴鹬(学名:Recurvirostraavosetta)和红鸢(学名:Milvusmilvus)也扩大了范围,可能是为了更好地保护栖息地以及禁止迫害的法律。
Overall,35%ofbirdsincreasedtheirbreedingrange,25%contractedtheirbreedingrangeandtherestdidnotshowanychange,orthetrendisunknown.Forestbirdsandthoseprotectedbyinternationallegislationhavegenerallyexpandedtheirrange,whilefarmlandbirdsoccupyasmallertotalarea.
总体而言,35%的鸟类扩大了繁殖范围,25%的鸟类缩小了繁殖范围,其余的没有变化,或者趋势不明。森林鸟类和那些受国际法律保护的鸟类普遍扩大了它们的活动范围,而农田鸟类所占的总面积更小。
Generally,ifaspeciesispresentinmoreareasitislesslikelytogoextinct,butitcouldbespreadingoutbecauseofhabitatdeterioration,andnotbecausethepopulationhasincreased.“Theresultsareconfirmationthatthemajordrivingforcesareclimatechangeandland-usechange.Atthesametime,thesituationisreallyvery
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